Guiraut Salas (active in France, Toulouse, first half of the 15th century)
The Annunciation to the Shepherds, the Flight into Egypt, the Pietà and the Entombment, c. 1435-1445
Four illuminated leaves from a Book of Hours.
Tempera, ink and gold on vellum.
170 x 115 mm (the Annunciation to the Shepherds and Flight into Egypt); 173 x 118 mm (the Pietà and the Entombment); framed individually : 31.4 x 25.5 cm (each frame).
Guiraut Salas stands out as one of the few French illuminators whose name is known to us as well as one of the only artists active in Toulouse whose works...
Guiraut Salas stands out as one of the few French illuminators whose name is known to us as well as one of the only artists active in Toulouse whose works have survived to this day. Indeed, artworks produced in the city of Toulouse during the 15th and the 16th centuries are very little known. this is due to the tumultuous history of the city, which caused the disappearance of many works. Art historian Charles Sterling (1901-1991) thus defines the region of the Southwest and Languedoc as a "désert pictural, ou presque" (i. e.: "a pictorial desert, or almost)
Guiraut Salas' name appears in archival documents related to his payment for the illuminations he realized in the Livre des Histoires de Toulouse (from 1437 to 1441) for the Capitouls of the city. Other than these remaining illuminations, only a few artworks are attributed to him. These manuscripts are now around the world but only in public or institutional collections (notable manuscripts by Guiraut Salas are: Los Angeles, J. Paul Getty Museum, ms. XIV 9; Madrid, Biblioteca national de Espana, ms. 20 and 9569; Toulouse, Bibliothèque municipale, ms. 747 and 2882).
Guiraut Salas remains an intriguing artist with a prestigious position in Toulouse. His style is defined by elegant figures and graceful draperies, that recall the Parisian illumination, and by a warm palette, that shows the influence of the artistic scene of Avignon. The present collection of four illuminated leaves depicts the Annunciation to the Shepherds, the Flight into Egypt, the Pietà and the Entombment. They originate from the same Book of Hours, made around 1435-1445 in Toulouse for an unknown patron, that must have been one of Guiraut Salas best works. The manuscript was Broken-up before the mid-1950s, and its leaves were then dispersed: we are happy to have been able to bring back together the only known leaves in private hands from this Book of Hours.
As the only "monuments of lost art" of what must have been a magnificent Book of Hours and as a very rare witness of Toulouse art from the first half of the 15th century, these four illuminations are particularly precious for both their artistic and historical value.
Sister leaves: Four pages from the calendar, two bifolios of text, two leaves of text and one illuminated leaf with David Praying (collection of John Henry Bradley Storrs, 1885-1956; Washington, Smithsonian Institution).
Part of a Book of Hours made in Toulouse around 1435-1445 by Guiraut Salas for an unknown patron.ess. Maybe property of the anonymous collector and/or dealer who inscribed inventory numbers on the verso of the Annunciation to the Shepherds and the Pietà. Broken-up before the mid-1950s. The provenance of our four illuminated leavescan be traced as follows: The Annunciation to the Shepherds and The Flight into Egypt: Probably Paris, collection of Pierre Vérité (1900-1992); Paris, collection of Claude Vérité (1928-2018) and his wife Jeanine Vérité; Coulommiers, their sale, hôtel des ventes de Coulommiers, 26 September 2020, lot 42 ( as "deux enluminures peintes provenant d'un livre"); Private collection. The Pietà: France, private collection. Lyon, Galerie Mazarini (as "École française fin du 15e"). The Entombment: France, private collection. Paris, Artcurial, 8 November 2022, lot 39 (as "Normandie, Rouen ? ou Picardie, Amiens ? vers 1425-1435 ?").
Literature
Published in C. Favre, "Guiraut Salas et le Maître du Missel de Béziers", in Peindre à Toulouse aux XVe-XVIe siècles, dir. F. Elsig, Cinisello Balsamo, 2020, p. 63-65 (Annunciation to the Shepherds, Flight into Egypt, and Pietà), ill. b./w., fig. 46 (Pietà). A. Cohendy, "Le Languedoc", in Peindre en France: 30 ans de recherche sur les manuscrits à peintures en France, 1440-1520 (colloquium, Geneva, University of Geneva, November 17-18), dir. F. Elsig, D. Vanwijnsberghe & S. Gras, Geneva, upcoming publication (all four illuminated leaves).